Golfers negotiating the greens at St. Andrews, c.1895.   Before 1857 only one hole on each green served players on the Old Course.  Daw Anderson (of ginger beer stand fame) is credited with cutting a second hole in the 5th green that year to help speed up play - one for outgoing players and one for incoming.  This led to the expansion of the greens into the massive ones we know today that serve two holes.  At the May 7 meeting of the R&A that year, the success of this venture was hailed:  "St. Andrews Links were never in better condition for golfing than they are now.  Since the meeting in October, the club has spent some twenty pounds in the repair of the course…The putting greens have had a thorough overhaul, re-turfed and otherwise improved.  On each green, with the exception of the first and return, two holes have been placed; the one is played by both parties going outwards, the other in the in-coming.  To prevent mistakes, the outgoing hole is supplied with a white flag, and its neighbour sports a red one, that being the colour for all the return holes."